20160126-VMware-VSOS-Day 2
Module 4 Performance in a Virtualized Environment
Lesson 1: Performance Overview
Virtualization = Resource Sharing
Emulation = 無中生有
Network Virtualization
- 軟體
- 操作簡單
- Layer 2 over Layer 3
VMware Photon - VMware with docker
Virtualization Architectures
虛擬化架構
- VM
- Hypervisor
- VMware VMkernel 32MB ~ 100MB ( VMware 將 Drivers包含在Hypervisor )
- Microsoft Hyper-V 1MB ~ 2MB ( Microsoft 將Driver 放在VM內 )
- 硬體
Hypervisor
- Type 1 Bare-Metal
- Monolithic kernel
- VMware ESXi
- Micro kernel
- Microsoft Hyper-V
- Type 2 Hosted
- VMware Workstation
ESXi Architecture
The VMkernel ( hypervisor ) runs a virtual machine monitor ( VMM ) that is responsible for the execution of the virtual machine:
- CPU is controlled by the scheduler and virtualized by the VMM
- Memory is allocated by the VMkernel and virtualized by the VMM
- Network and storage I/O devices are proxied through native device drivers
-- Class break --
Lesson 2 : Monitoring Tools
Performance Monitoring Tools
- vCenter Server performance charts
- resxtop
- 在遠端執行 esxtop
- d - 監控 disk
- f - 增加或是減少欄位顯示
- c - 監控 CPU
- V 只監控VM
- e - 展開監控清單
- 輸入 GID 確認要展開的清單
- W - 儲存監控選項
- 預設儲存在家目錄
- 透過 resxtop -c 設定檔 來執行
- n - 監控網路
resxtop Utility
Using esxtop in Reply Mode
- esxtop can be used in replay mode to replay resource utilization statistics collected using vm-support
Lab 3: VMware Monitoring Tools
- 參考 Lab 文件
- Task 1: Start Database Activity in a Virtual Machine
- Task 2: Examine Host and Storage overview charts
- Task 3: Configure Advanced Performance Charts
- 這個部分自訂比較有感覺
- Task 4: Start resxtop
- Task 5: Explore resxtop output
- Task 6: Run resxtop in batch mode
- 筆記整理在上面
- Task 7: Use Windows Performance Monitor to display Captured statistics
-- 中午休息 --
Module 5 Network Scalability
Lesson 1: Distributed Switch Features
Review: Distributed Switches
- ESX 要 Enterprise Plus 版本
- 簡化管理
- Migration 容易
名詞差異
vSphere Client
- VMkernel port
- Uplink
Web Client
- VMkernel Adapter
- Physical Adapter
About Network I/O Control Version 3
- 設定網路流量的頻寬
Note
- virtual switch 如果有多個 uplink, 預設會 NIC teaming
Bandwidth Reservation for System Traffic
- 保留頻寬不可以超過總頻寬 75%
Notes:
- 把 port group 視為 switch
Backing Up and Restoring Configurations
如果 vCenter Crash
- 安裝 vCenter
- 加入 Hosts
- vDS 還原
Notes
- vDS 設定檔存在 vCenter
Rollback and Recovery of the Management Network
- By default rollback is enabled
- Automatic rollback if misconfiguration is detected
- 如果沒辦法設定到 vCenter
- Use DCUI to recover
Lesson 2: Distributed Switch Advanced Features
VLAN Policies for Distributed Port Groups
- VLAN
- VLAN trunking
- VLAN 封包都可以通過
- Private VLAN
- VLAN 內再切割子VLAN
- Type
- Promiscuous
- Secondary ID 會與Primary ID 相同
- 可以跟其他 Private VLAN 通
- Isolated
- 只能跟 Promiscuous 通
- Community
- 可以跟相同 Community 通
- 可以跟 Promiscuous 通
- 不可以跟 Isolated 通
Configuring Private VLANs
- 事先定義
- VLAN ID
- PVLAN ID
Assigning a Private VLAN to a Distributed Port Group
- 套用到 port group
-- Class break --
Configuring NetFlow on a Distributed Switch
- 透過 Port Group 傳資料給 NetFlow Collector
- Switch IP address
- 在 vDS 上面設定, 他不是IP, 只是用來讓NetFlow Collector 識別用字串
Port Mirroring
vSS
- 如果要複製封包, 要啟用 Promiscuous Mode, 來處理, 但是效能會下降
vDS
- 使用Port Mirroring, 可以指定不同方式複製到指定的 port, 效能較好
Lab 4: Backing Up and Restoring vSphere Distributed
- 參考 Lab 文件
- Task 1: Back Up the Distributed Switch Configuration
- 透過 Settings -- > Export Configuration 來備份
- Task 2: Prepare to Capture Mirrored Network Traffic
- Task 3: Configure Port Mirroring on the Distributed Switch
- 設定 port mirroring, 指定 source and destination port
- Task 4: Capture Traffic Using Port Mirroring
- Task 5: Restore the Distributed Switch Configuration
額外練習, 透過 vMA 備份 ESXi 主機
vicfg-cfgbackup --server IP或FQDN -s 存檔檔名
vCenter Backup 想法
- DB
- /etc/vmware-vpx/SSL
- /etc/vmware-vpx/vpxd.cfg
想法上可以分開備份
- vDS 設定
- ESXi host profile
透過 vMA 去進行 vicfg-cfgbackup 好處是還原不用經過 vCenter
Module 6 Network Optimization
Lesson 1: Networking Virtualization Concepts
Virtual Network Adapters
- flexible
- 32-bits guest OS
- 內建 driver
- 模擬 AMD PCnet 網卡
- 安裝 VMware Tools 後則變成 vmxnet( 虛擬網卡 )
- E1000
- 64-bit guest OS
- 內建 driver
- 模擬 Intel E1000
- 安裝 VMware Tools 後則變成 vmxnet( 虛擬網卡 )
- 建議使用 VMXNET3
自己找了一下有關於 40G 的資訊 https://blogs.vmware.com/performance/2015/04/network-improvements-vsphere-6-boost-performance-40g-nics.html
About Jumbo Frames
- A jumbo frame is an Ethernet frame with a bigger MTU, up to 9000 bytes:
- Reduces the number of frames transmitted
- Reduces the CPU utilization on the transmit and receive side
- Virtual machines must be configured with E1000, E1000E, VMXNET2, or VMXNET3 adapters
- The network must support jumbo frames end to end.
About SplitRx Mode
- Only support for VMXNET3 network adapters.
Lesson 2: Monitoring Networking I/O Activity
Network Capacity Metrics
- Dropped network packets indicate a bottleneck in the network.
Lab 5: Monitoring Network Performance
- 參考 Lab 文件
- Task 1: Prepare to Monitor Network Performance
- Task 2: Prepare the Client and Server Virtual Machine
- Task 3: Measure Network Activity on an ESXi Physical Network
- Task 4: Use Traffic Shaping to Simulate Network Congestion
- Traffic Shaping 來限制頻寬很有感覺
- Task 5: Position the Client and the Server on the Same Port Group
- Task 6: Restart the Test and Measure Network Activity
- 同一個主機同一個 Port Group 效能好很多
- Task 7: Stop the Test and Analyze Results
-- Class End --
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