星期二, 5月 12, 2015

20150512-vSphere6-ICM-Day2

20150512-vSphere6-ICM-Day2
Lesson 2: Deploying vCenter Server Appliance
vCenter Server Appliance Scalability


Metric
Windows
Appliance
Hosts per vCenter Server System
1000
1000
Powered-on virtual machines per vCenter Server System
10000
10000
Hosts per cluster
64
64
Virtual machines per cluster
8000
8000
Database
Must be Oracle or SQL for full scalability
Can be either Oracle or embedded PostgreSQL
Linked Mode
Yes
Yes


Deploying vCenter Server Appliance
這個部分可以參考自己的 Blog


Lab 4: Working with vCenter Server
  • 安裝 vSphere web plug-in
  • 加入 vCenter 以及 vSphere 序號
  • 新增 Data Center 於 vCenter
  • 新增主機於 Data Center
-- class break --
Lesson 3: vSphere Web Client


Lesson 4: Managing the vCenter Server Inventory
Management Inventory
  • Folder
  • Tag
  • vApp container ( 於  Module 7  介紹 )
  • Resource Pool ( 於  Module 8  介紹 )
Creating Custom Tags for Inventory Objects
  • Tags enable you to attach metadata to objects in the vSphere inventory to make these objects more sortable.
Lab 5: Using vSphere Web Client
  • 操作 vSphere Web Client
  • 操作 pin 以及如何回復預設 Layout
  • 隱藏 Getting Started Tabs
  • 升級 VM Hardware version
Lab 6: Creating Folders in vCenter Server Appliance
  • 建立 Host and Cluster Folder
  • 建立 VM and Template Folder
-- 上午課程結束 --
** Module 5 Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks **
ICM 6 又把 vDS 放進到課程來 ( ICM 5 沒有 )
Lesson 1: Introduction to vSphere Standard Switches
Types of Virtual Switch Connections
  • Virtual Machine 的網卡是指向 port group
  • Virtual Switch 功能為管理 Virtual NIC
    • 標準的L2 Switch
    • 使用軟體的方式, 最大可到 4088 port
    • uplink ports:
      • 連接實體網卡使用
    • virtual machine port groups:
      • 可以有一到多個, 連接VM 使用
    • VMkernel port
      • VMkernel 使用,連接VMkernel
      • 連接 storage 使用
      • 使用 vMotion 時兩台機器透過 VMkernel port 溝通
Connection Type
  • VM port group
  • VMkernel port
    • IP Storage Network
    • vMotion Network
    • FT
    • ESXi Management
    • vSAN Network
    • vSphere Replication Network
Virtual Switch Connection Examples
  • A key point: Physical NICs are assigned at the virtual switch level, so all ports and port groups defined for a particular switch share the same hardware.
Types of Virtual Switches
A virtual network supports these types of virtual switches:
  • •Standard switches:
    • Virtual switch configuration for a single host
  • •Distributed switches: ( Enterprise plus 版本以上才能使用 )
    • Virtual switches that provide a consistent network configuration for virtual machines as they migrate across multiple hosts


About VLANs
  • ESXi supports 802.1Q VLAN tagging
    • ESXi provides VLAN support by giving port group a VLAN ID
  • 在 port group 上面設定 VLAN ID, 設定上面是在虛擬交換器(vSwitch)
  • 預設 ID  為  0 ~ 4095
    • 0 - none
    • 4095 - All trunking
    • 上面兩個為保留
Notes:
Lesson 2: Configuring Standard Switch Policies
Network Policies ( 在 vSwitch 內設定 )
  • Security
    • 管理 switch 行為
    • Promiscuous Mode
      • default: Reject
      • 使用時機: 要使用 sniffer 軟體
    • MAC Address Changes ( Inbound )
      • default: Accept
      • 使用時機: Windows Network Load balance
    • Forged Transmits ( Outbound )
      • default: Accept
  • Traffic shaping
    • 控制 outbond流量
      • Average Bandwidth
      • Peak Bandwidth
        • maximum number of KB per second
      • Burst Size
    • default: 關閉
  • NIC teaming
    • Load Balancing (outbound only)
      • Originating Port ID ( 預設值, 透過 port ID 來輪流 )
      • Source MAC Hash ( 透過VM 的Mac Address 來輪流 )
      • IP-Hash ( 透過IP 來輪流, 但是不分 Source or Destination, 會根據source 或是 destination ip 動態調整 )
    • Network Failure Detection ( 故障偵測, 連線狀況偵測 )
    • Notify Switches
    • Failback ( 如果故障了, 切換過去, 回復正常之後要不要切換回來 )
    • Failover Order
Detecting and Handling Network Failure
對應到 NIC teaming and failover 設定頁面
Network failure detection
  • The VMkernel can use link status or beaconing or both to detect a network failure.
  • Network failure is detected by the VMkernel, which monitors the link state and performs beacon probing.
Notify Switches:
  • VMkernel notifies physical switches of changes in the physical location of a MAC address.
Failback:
Failover is implemented by the VMkernel based on configurable parameters:
  • •Failback: How the physical adapter is returned to active duty after recovering from failure.
Load-balancing option: Use explicit failover order. Always use the vmnic uplink at the top of the active adapter list.


Lab 7: Using Standard Switches
  • 觀察 vSwitch 設定
  • 建立 vSwitch
  • 將 VM 切換不同 port group, renew IP 並觀察
-- class break --
Lesson 3: Introduction to vSphere Distributed Switches
About vSphere Distributed Switches
  • 適用於大型網路, 例如如果要在大量的 ESXi 主機上面建立 vSwitch, 如果是採取 Stand vSwitch, 就要建立多次, 但是如果採取 vDS 可以採取一致性設定 ( VMware vCenter Server™ owns the configuration of the distributed switch. The configuration is consistent across all the hosts that use it. )
Benefits of Distributed Switches
  • Simplify data center administration
  • •Provide support for advanced features, such as private VLANs, NetFlow, and port mirroring
  • •Enable networking statistics and policies to migrate with virtual machines during a migration with VMware vSphere vMotion
  • •Provide for customization and third-party development
Distributed Switch Architecture
  • vCenter 上面會有 Distributed Switch( Control Plane )
  • ESXi 上面會有 Hidden Virtual Switches ( I/O Plane )
Creating a Distributed Switch
  • Number of uplinks -- 設定每台 ESXi 主機要貢獻幾張 uplink 網卡 ( 除非要做 teaming, 才要選兩張以上 )
Editing General and Advanced Distributed Switch Properties
  • MTU (Bytes): 如果要支援 Jumbo Frame, 可以往上調整, 最高到 9000 Bytes
Migrating Network Adapters to a Distributed Switch
  • For hosts associated with a distributed switch, you can migrate network adapters from a standard switch to the distributed switch.
Connecting Virtual Machines to a Distributed Switch
  • You connect virtual machines to distributed switches by connecting their associated virtual network adapters to distributed port groups.
  • 針對多個VM 可在 Networks 的選單內, 使用Migrate VM to Another Network 來大量更改VM的Network, 不用一台一台改
About the VMkernel Networking Level
TCP/IP stacks at the VMkernel level: ( 可以依據用途選擇 VMkernel port 是否可以使用 )
  • •Default TCP/IP stack ( 預設全部用途皆可 )
  • vMotion TCP/IP stack ( 只允許 vMotion )
  • Provisioning TCP/IP stack
  • Custom TCP/IP stacks
Physical Network Considerations
The following issues are topics for discussion:
  • •Number of physical switches
  • •Network bandwidth required
  • •Physical switch configuration support for 802.3ad, for NIC teaming
  • •Physical switch configuration support for 802.1Q, for VLAN tagging
  • •Physical switch configuration support for Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
  • •Network port security
  • •Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) share the following operation modes:
    • –Listen, broadcast, listen and broadcast, and disabled


Lab 8: Using vSphere Distributed Switches
  • 建立 vDS
  • 將 ESXi 主機加入到 vDS
  • 驗證相關設定
  • 將VM移轉到 vDS


** Module 6 Configuring and Managing Virtual Storage **
Lesson 1: Storage Concepts
Basic Storage Overview
*HBA ( host bus adapter )
*VMware support NFS and VMFS
  • NFS 不支援 boot from SAN 及 Raw Device Mapping
    • VMware 支援到　NFS version 3 / 4.1 ( 效能較好, 且支援 kerberos 驗證, 但是 3 與4不能混用 )  over TCP
  • VMFS 都支援
Storage Protocol Overview
Direct- attached storage can also be used to store non-critical data, such as:
  • CD-ROM ISO images
  • Decommissioned virtual machines ( 退役的VM )
  • Virtual machine templates
About VMFS5
VMFS-5
About Raw Device Mapping
使用時機
  • P2V Cluster
  • Array base Snapshot
  • Store Large Files
Virtual SAN Overview
  • The storage is mounted by using Object Store File System (OSFS). Virtual SAN stores and manages the data on the Virtual SAN datastore in the form of flexible data containers called objects. An object is a logical volume that has its data and metadata distributed and accessed across the entire cluster. In the ESXi storage stack, these objects appear as devices.
Storage Device Naming Conventions
  • only local devices use names starting with "mpx"
  • 命名原則
    • SCSI ID
    • NAA ID
    • Runtime Name
      • Runtime name: Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name is not persistent through reboots.
        • vmhbaN - 用哪個 HBA 卡
        • C - Channel
        • T - Target
        • L - LUN
  • vmhba33 為 iSCSI
Notes:


-- Class End --
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