星期一, 5月 11, 2015

20150511-vSphere6-ICM-Day1

20150511-vSphere6-ICM-Day1

自我介紹

** Module 1 Course Introduction **

vSpere 架構介紹以及相關章節
  • vCenter - Module 4
  • VMs - Module 3 / Module 7
  • ESXi - Module 2 / Module 3
  • vNetworks - Modules 5
  • vStorage - Modules 6
  • Web vSphere Client - Module 2 Lession 2 / Module 4 Lession 3

** Module 2 Software-Defined Data Center **

Topology of a Physical Data Center

Slide 2-7, 2-8
Physical Data Center
Virtual Data Center
1:1 配置機器
N:1 配置機器, 於實體機器上執行虛擬機器
Server 數量多, 佔空間, 耗電量大
Server 數量降低, 空間以及電力狀況較佳
Cabling 複雜, 成本高, 使用率低
Cabling 較為簡單, 後續維運成本較低, 期初建置成本相當

Physical Resource Sharing
Slide 2-12
  • 傳統先安裝作業系統
  • 虛擬化先安裝虛擬層(vSphere)

CPU Virtualization
Slide 2-13
根據GuestOS執行的程式是否為多執行緒? 若程式為多執行緒分配多VCPU才能提昇效能。

Memory  overcommit = vMemory 大小 > Physical Memory 大小

Encapsulation
每個虛擬機器是封裝成一個檔案的方式儲存。

About the Software-Defined Data Center
Software Defined Data center 包含3 個部分
  • Policy-Base Management and Automation
  • Virtualized Infrastructure
  • Hybird Cloud

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

Cloud type
  • Private
    • 企業內部、安全性高
  • Public(CSP - Cloud Service Provider)
    • 免實體與建置環境成本、安全性低(ex: HiCloud, Amozon)
  • Hybrid

Cloud layer
  • SaaS
  • PaaS
  • IaaS(VMware)

Lesson 2: vSphere Client
User Interfaces

vSphere Client
  • 可以直接與 ESXi Host 連接或是透過vCenter
  • 目前 vSphere 5.1 以後的新功能只能透過 vSphere Web Client 去執行, 建議大部分的操作使用 vSphere Web Client 來操作, 但是 vSphere Client 與 Web Client 差異是, vSphere Client 可以直接連接 vSphere 主機而 vSphere Web Client 不行( 建置初期的時候, 需要以vSphere Client 來管理 )

vSphere Web Client
  • 必須一定要透過vCenter Server 去連接ESXi Host
  • 使用vSphere Web Client 任何設定或變動記得要Refresh 頁面

Viewing Licensed Features


Lab  環境分配 ( 兩人一組 )
  • 兩人為一組
  • 使用 Horizon View Client 連接環境

架構為 3 層, 如下

PC ( 電腦教室 )  -- Horizon View Client -- >  VM( Virtual Desktop Computer )  -- RDP -- >  Desktop

Lab 1: Install vSphere Client

VMware Horizon View 下載
VMware Horizon View Client for 64-bit Windows with Local Mode Option

登入 VDC desktop
  • 使用 Horizon View 連線 view-nile-a.vmeduc.com
    • 帳號密碼參考文件
    • 解析度建議使用 Custom ( 1024x768 ) 看自己的螢幕大小
於 VDC desktop 登入 Desktop
  • 透過  RDP  連線連線到  Desktop01
    • 帳號密碼參考文件

於 Desktop 上面安裝 vSphere Client
使用 vSphere Client 連線到 指定主機 ( 例如  esxi01.vclass.local )

– 上午課程結束 –

Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi

About ESXi Hosts


Physical and Virtual Architecture
  • The ESXi hypervisor is called the VMkernel. The VMkernel receives requests from virtual machines for resources from the virtual machine monitor (VMM) and presents the requests to the physical hardware.

Configuring an ESXi Host
  • You use the Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) to configure certain settings for ESXi hosts.
  • 利用 F2 按鍵登入 DCUI

Configuring an ESXi Host: Root Access

Configuring an ESXi Host: Other Settings
  • The troubleshooting options allow you to enable or disable troubleshooting services. By default, they are disabled:
    • VMware vSphere  ESXi Shell: For troubleshooting issues locally
    • SSH: For troubleshooting issues remotely by using an SSH client, for example, PuTTY

Lab 2: Configuring ESXi Hosts

登入 ESXi  主機
加入 Windows Domain

Notes:

** Module 3 Creating Virtual Machines **

Lesson 1: Virtual Machine Concepts

About Virtual Machine Files

The Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine
  • configuration file (<VM_name>.vmx)
  • swap files (<VM_name>.vswp)
  • BIOS file (<VM_name>.nvram)
  • Log files (vmware.log)
  • Disk descriptor file (<VM_name>.vmdk)
  • Disk data file (<VM_name>-flat.vmdk) 真正的資料檔案
  • Suspend state file (<VM_name>.vmss)
  • Snapshot data file (<VM_name>.vmsd) 快照清單
  • Snapshot state file (<VM_name>.vmsn) 快照狀態
  • Snapshot disk file (<VM_name>-delta.vmdk) 快照資料
  • Template file (<VM_name>.vmtx) 範本檔案
  • Raw device map file (<VM_name>-rdm.vmdk) Raw Device Mapping

VMware ESXi 6 虛擬機器資源上限:
  • CPU: 128
  • Memory: 4TB
  • HD: 最多可支援(4 SCSI x15 )60個硬碟

一台ESXi 主機有8 Core, 開HT , Logical Processor = 16
因此,在此台ESXi 主機上,所開啟的VM 的vCPU 最大為16

About Virtual Disks

Adding the first virtual disk implicitly adds a virtual SCSI adapter to complete the connection. The ESXi host offers a choice of adapters:
  • BusLogic Parallel
  • LSI Logic Parallel
  • LSI Logic SAS
  • VMware Paravirtual SCSI
  • AHCI SATA controllers

virtual disk
  • Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed
    • 磁碟大小固定
    • 不做 zeroed out 初始化
  • Thick Provision Eager Zeroed – 針對效能
    • zeroed out 初始化 (會寫入 0, 針對以後的寫入效能較快)
    • 針對 Fault Tolerance 與 Cluster 使用
  • Thin Provision
    • 動態調整, size 隨guest data 成長
    • 需要注意是否會超過Storage 原本的大小, 但是可以藉由  Storage DRS 來解決( 需要Enterprise Plus 版本 )
  • VMFS 才有 Thin 或是 Thick 可以選, NFS 預設使用 Thin (不能選取 Thick or Thin)
  • Mode
    • Independent
      • Persistent
      • 啟動之後快照就失效, 會寫入磁碟
    • Nonpersistent
      • 異動不會寫入到磁碟, 類似再生卡, 重新開機就還原


About Network Adapters
可以支援 10 張網卡 vnic0 ~ vnic9
網路卡
  • Flexible 對應 32 bits OS
    • 預設使用 vlance: pcnet32 100Mb
    • 安裝 vmware-tool 會掛載 vmxnet
  • e1000 使用Intel e1000 驅動程式
    • Intel 82545 Gigabit Ethernet
  • vmxnet2 (Enhanced vmxnet) / vmxnet3
    • 10G
    • 支援 jumbo frames
    • IPv6
    • 盡可能使用 vmxnet3
  • SR-IOV passthrough
      • 可以mapping 到實體網卡, 不用經由 Virtual Switch
      • 不可以使用 vMotion
      • 跟舊版本的 Direct Pass Through 比較, 是可以一張網卡對多 VM

Lesson 2: Creating a Virtual Machine

Create VM Method
  • Wizard
  • Import Virtual Appliance
  • vCloud Air
  • Template
  • Clone

Deploying OVF Templates
VMware Virtual Appliance Marketplace


Lab3: Working with Virtual Machines

  • 安裝 Windows Server 2008 with VMware hardware version 10

-- Class Break --

** Module 4 vCenter Server **

vCenter Edition
  • Foundation - Max 3 Hosts
  • Standard - Max 1000 Hosts

vCenter Deploy type
  • Windows Install system
  • Virtual Appliance

Additional vCenter Server Services and Interfaces

  • Core services include management of resources and virtual machines by the Inventory service, task scheduling, statistics logging, management of alarms and events, virtual machine provisioning, and host and virtual machine configuration.
  • The vCenter Lookup Service contains topology information about the vSphere infrastructure, enabling vSphere components to connect to each other securely. Services, such as the Inventory Service and vCenter Server, register with the vCenter Lookup Service so that other vSphere components, like the vSphere Web Client, can find them.
  • Distributed services include vSphere vMotion, vSphere DRS, and vSphere HA, which are installed with vCenter Server.
  • Additional services are packaged separately from the base product and requires separate installation, for example, VMware vSphere® Update ManagerTM and VMware vRealizeTM OrchestratorTM. No additional license is necessary.
  • A database interface provides access to the vCenter Server database.
  • vCenter Server provides access to the ESXi host through a vCenter Server agent, which is started on the host when it is added to the vCenter Server inventory.
  • vCenter Single Sign-On provides access to domain user accounts.


vCenter 在 6.0 版本分為以下兩個部分( 應該放在同一台就可以 )

Platform Services Controller

The Platform Services Controller includes a set of common infrastructure services:
  • –VMware vCenter™ Single Sign-On™
  • VMware License Server
  • Lookup Service
  • Certificate Authority
  • –Certificate Store
  • VMware Directory Services

vCenter Server Services and Function
The vCenter Server group of services contains: •
  • vCenter Server •
  • VMware vSphere Web Client (server) •
  • VMware Inventory Service
  • VMware vSphere Auto Deploy™ •
  • VMware vSphere ESXi™ Dump Collector •
  • VMware vSphere Syslog Collector

ESXi and vCenter Server Communication
vCenter Server 的主程式 vpxd.exe
  • 當 ESXi 加入vCenter 的時候, 就會啟動 vpxa 程序( vCenter 的agent), 另外會加入一個使用者 vpxuser, 以後連線的時候使用vpxuser 來連線 (為了日後啟動 lockdown 模式, 禁止root 登入, 以後只能透過 vCenter 來連線)
vSphere Client
  • 跟ESXi 上面的 hostd 程序連線, 使用 root 來連線 ESXi
  • 但是如果加入 vCenter 之後啟動 lockdown Mode, 就不能直些連線, 要先連線到 vCenter Server 再經由vCenter Server 連線到 ESXi Server

Default vCenter Server Plug-Ins
  • Plug-Ins 提供額外的新功能整合到 vCenter 上面

-- Class End --

沒有留言: