20110921-vSphere5-ICM-Day3

20110921-vSphere5-ICM-Day3

Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi

• A VMFS can have a maximum volume size of 64 TB

Configuring Storage Load Balancing

• Scalability:
  • Round Robin
• Availability:
  • MRU ( Most Recently Used)常用 Active – passive(Standby) storage device
  • Fixed 固定 ( Failback ) Active – Active storage device

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VMware vSphere Storage Appliance

VSA Cluster with 3 ESXi 5.0 Hosts

• 所有的ESXi 都要使用同一個硬體規格, RAID 要支援 0 + 1
• 可用容量是總容量的 ¼
• 一定要使用 ESXi 5.0

** Module 7 Virtual Machine Management **

Create a Template

• Clone to Template
• Convert to Template
  • 必須關機

Notes:

• Template 與 VM 的差異
  • vmtx 與 vmx

Customizing the Guest Operating System

• Windows
  • 使用 Microsoft Sysprep
  • 要把 sysprep 放到指定位置(在 vCenter 內的 C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware VirtualCenter\sysprep)
  • 設定 customizing
    • 輸入相關資訊

Create an RDM

• physical mode:
  • 保留LUN 屬性
• virtual mode
  • 可用到 vSphere 功能

– 上午課程結束 –

Migrating Virtual Machines

Types of migrations

• Cold
  • Migrate a virtual machine that is power off.
• Suspended
  • Migrate a virtual machine that is suspended
• vMotion
  • Migrate a virtual machine that is power on
• vSphere Storage vMotion
  • Migrate a virtual machine’s files, while the virual machine is powered on, to a different datastore.

Notes:

• 同一台主機同時只能做兩個 vMotions 或 Storage vMotion
• 同一個 VMFS-5 datastore 只能同時執行 8 個 vMotion, cloning, deployment, Storage vMotion

Virtual Machine Requirements for vMotion Migration

• 不可以有 internal vSwitch
• 不可以連接到 virtual device ( such as a CD-ROM or floppy)
• A virtual machine must not have CPU affinity configured.( 不可以指定CPU)
• swap 必須被目的地主機存取的到
• If a virtual machine uses an RDM, the RDM must be accessible by the destination host.

Notes:

• vSwitch 上面的 port group name 有區分大小寫
• vMotion Migration 的兩台主機 CPU 必須同牌子 / 同指令集
• A vApp:
  • Is a container for one or more virtual machines
  • Can be used to package and manage related applications.

Volume 1 結束

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** Data Protection **

Data Deduplication 資料重複刪除

• Does not stroe twice blocks with the same information as a previous backup.
• Reduces 18 file blocks down to 4 unque file blocks.
• Save stroage capacity.
• Provides faster backup performance

Notes:

• vCenter GUI 可以藉由 Host Profile 來備份以及佈署(但是要注意 vCenter的版本)

** Module 9 Access and Authentication Control **

Access Control Overview

• User or group
  • A user or group who can perform the action.
  • 人 who : 在 windows / Linux 帳號
• Role (職稱)
  • A collection of privileges.
  • 在 vCenter 建立
• Privilege (作什麼事)
  • The ability to perform a specific action or read specific property.
• Object (地點)
  • An entity upon which actions are perfomed.

Role

• 預設有3個帳號不能更動
  • No access
  • Read-only
  • Administrator

Notes:

• Permission 如果有重複, 取其嚴 (如果都是 Account 或是 Group)
• Account 的permission 會優先 Group

** Module 10 Resource Management and Monitoring **

Memory Reclamation Techniques

• Economize use of physical memory pages
  • Transparent Page Sharing
    • allow pages with indentical contents to be stored only once
    • 如果不同的VM 使用同樣memory內容, 例如系統常駐程式, 使用一份即可
• Deallocate memory form one virtual machine for another
  • Ballooning mechanism, active when memory is scarce, forces virtual machines to use their own paging area.
  • 利用程式向 OS 要記憶體, 讓OS 使用 swap / page file, 來取得記憶體
• Memory compression
  • Attempts to reclaim some memory performance when memory contention is hight
• Page virtual machine memory out to disk
  • Use of VMkernel swap space is the last resort, performs poorly